I"m late to this thread....
EV adoption in new vehicles is predicted to pass 50% around 2028. I would say this is ±2 years, depending on supply/cost issues. The adoption tail on these things (per
@Ashful ) is long, but doesn't really matter re emissions. Pulling forward the 50% point is where the benefit is for the climate.
It was 6% in the US last year. And the global figure last year was 10%. The US is behind the curve. Japan is bringing up the rear. China is in the lead, EU is ahead of the curve.
China is ramping down its incentives on EVs in 2023. It will be interesting to see if EVs there are Wile-E Coyote running off a cliff.
Largest global makers are BYD and Tesla... VW is a distant third, everyone else is noise. BYD is already selling well in Aus and EU. If the US legacy makers don't get in gear, BYD will shortly be a second Tesla crowding the global market. Both BYD and Tesla have way lower production costs (due to engineering and scale) than the legacy makers. So the legacy makers are keeping prices high, and supply low. They could still have a price war/wall keeping them from having the same market share in EVs as they currently have in ICE.
For long haul trucking the issue is total cost of ownership, TCO. Unlike individuals, the trucking companies want to make money. On routes where the Tesla semi works (bc of charging) it looks like it has stupid lower TCO over a period like 2 years (a great payback time). And the drivers love them... much easier and less exhausting the drive. So I think the demand will be there, and Tesla will build the MW chargers as needed, to keep up with their supply. How long will all that take... Tesla is a startup, so they are good with managing 40% CAGR. That doubles every 1.5-2 years, goes up by 30X in 7-10 years, 1000X in 15-20. Sounds about right to me. 12-15 years minimum... 2035-2038.
If the model S started selling in 2012, and the US reaches 50% EVs in 2028, that is
16 years.
I think EV batteries should last longer. The mandated 8 year 80000 mile warranty (to sell in the US) is great, but we don't know how well cars will do past year 12-15. Yet. I bet it will vary with make. In the meantime, folks who like to buy cars and drive them for 20 years will be mad. Do you buy a computer and try to use it for 10 years? In a few years, most EVs will be LFPs instead of the current chemistries... and those are both cobalt free and have impressive longevity.