The actual lifespan of a combustor is variable. One company states 12,000 hrs another states replacement every 2-3 years.
There are in fact combustors in the field that are up to or older than a decade in use. When the Catalytic Hearth Coalition did their study through an independent test lab (OMNI Environmental), they found combustors that were up to 9.5 years in age, having burned a minimum of 3 cords per year, were still functioning superbly, in fact only 1 gr/hr dirtier than brand new, nearly a decade in use.
The biggest factor is the stove design and how it protects the gamma alumina wash coat from reaching excessive temps of 1,400F or higher. When it hits and sustain 1,400F, gamma alumina converts to alpha alumina and the wash coat flattens out, loosing surface area and can begin to peel away from the substrate...on ALL substrate materials.
Other factors include amount of fuel burned, type of fuel, average operating temps, avoidance of thermal shock from air leaks or wet/icy wood added to hot stove. And of course my all time favorite.....
A caller once called to say his combustor had failed. I suggested he examine it by removing the flame shield (which in our units does not require any tools) and he stated..."That sucker is so clean! It's bright white after running my .22 cal brass gun brush through every square."
PLEASE, PLEASE, never use a gun brush to clean the squares!!