Well, the good news is that you have a decent model insert. I think that is an Avalon Rainier-45.
Yep I can confirm this. I have the Rainier 90. It is called the 45 because of the angle of the back/top where the flue exits. On the 90, it comes straight out the top.
This is a great insert and I love mine. Avalon does make a blower for it, although mine came without and still heats 1250 sq ft of a partially-reinsulated/partially replaced windows 1950's ranch. I plan to add the blower soon. I'm not sure if I'm supposed to post the link directly, but here is the link to the owners manual: (broken link removed)
I noticed from the pictures that I can't see the handle for the air control. It should be under the ash shelf on the bottom of the stove. I can't tell if it's missing or just hidden out of view from the angle of the picture, but there should be something there. Pushed in = more air, pulled out = less air. Of course the glass is the main concern now, but you wouldn't want to use the stove without air control either.
The issues with the install are indeed numerous and have been pretty well covered already. The advice you will get on this forum is the best there is.