That's a bit deceptive. Right-wing sources make this claim, but more neutral sources include more information. Exxon's high tax rate is dominated by foreign, state and local taxes, their federal rate averages less than 20% over the past 5 years. GE didn't pay taxes because they didn't post a profit - and granted there are tricks to this and I don't feel sorry for them.
Exxon's Income Statement Summary:
And ...... The public is entitled to more, WHY ????
As for the Saudi, They have chosen to continue production at current flow. They are not pumping much if any above historical past production. They chose to do this to slow US production. The increase in world oil production is not derived in the Middle East. The Saudi could have at anytime they chose in the past ramped production and forced prices down. They chose not to for obvious reasons. The current maintaining of production levels should not be confused with ramping up.production.
As for the rest, while interesting ... fact is the Earth will go about its business of maintaining an ever fluctuating equilibrium that I doubt we will ever truly understand. People , as they have for 1/2 million years, will need to adapt and turning our backs on fossil fuels is not adapting and will likely be counterproductive. Technology has always been our route to a successful existence, and it has always brought unintended consequences along the way. The key is being able to use technology to overcome those unintended consequences, and of course make some more. To do otherwise means culling our populations and regressing what most consider a lifestle of comfort to strive for.