Another update:
I adjusted our barometric damper so that the furnace is running between 0.04" and 0.05" W.C. It had been running so that it was centered on 0.06" W.C.
That small adjustment seems to have made a notable difference. The secondaries are larger, the temp on the heat exchanger door went up by about 70*F, the flue temp either stayed the same or dropped very slightly, and we noticed a significant increase in the heat output in the house.
I suspect we'll also get longer burns, but didn't push it today because it's pretty warm out (30*F) and I don't want to cook my family.
Here's a short video about 2 hours into a small load this afternoon, showing the secondaries and the magnehelic draft reading.
I'm writing this 4.5 hours into that burn and we still have a strong coal bed and good heat output.