True, the heat needs to be eventually transferred to the room to achieve efficient heating. How efficient the stove is at doing this can be measured by two things:
1) exhaust gas temperature
2) exhaust gas volume (velocity)
All heat that doesn't go up the flue ends up in the room, no matter how well insulated the various burn chambers are. The stove should be designed such that, once the exhaust gasses are completely combusted, they pass by enough radiating surfaces to cool them to the desired temperature. Too much cooling and the flue won't work properly, not enough and efficiency goes down.
You will note that in my proposed design, at low burn rates, the exhaust gasses have a more direct route to the chimney while, at higher burn rates, the gases are directed via a more circuitous route, exposing them to more surfaces so the heat can be transferred to the room via radiation or convection. In otherwords, a super-insulated combustion chamber is not incompatible with high final efficiencies. The goal is to separate the area of the stove where combustion happens from those areas of the stove where the heat is transfered to the room. Current designs do this but to a smaller degree. By separating these functions, a much larger BTU output range can be realized while simultaneously increasing overall efficiencies.
Yes, with currently available stoves. The design goal of the stove I'm proposing would bring long, clean and efficient burns to non-cat stoves.
I understand what you are proposing and why you are doing it. In theory it works. But in practice everyone who has tried it so far has created a tempermental hard to maintain stove. I am not saying it could not work just that it has been multiple times before with poor results.