I have the same problem. It backpuffs. This stove has been nothing but problems
On my second season with the Dauntless, first with the cat installed, and I've experienced back puffs on occasion. A previous member mentioned making sure there is at least a small active flame at all times, and I can say this is absolutely true in my experience as well. When back puffs occur, it will happen when I close the damper too soon or lower the primary air too much or too soon. Letting freshly loaded wood catch and burn for a little bit before closing the damper always helps with preventing back puffing, then keeping the primary air fully open to make sure the flames continue. Once that's verified, then I'll start closing the primary 1 click at a time, usually end up at most 3 clicks from fully open, occasionally 4 if there is a really thick bed of coals that can keep a small active flame.
I run into issues with quickly rising cat temps when there is a really nice bed of coals, active cat, new splits added, and no active flame. It can happen with the primary air all the way open or turned town. Too much fuel for the cat. In this situation, I open the bypass to get the flames going and make sure the primary is all the way open before closing the bypass again once flames are established. Again, keep the primary air all the way open for active flames before attempting to turn things down. Occasionally I'll shift the load around with my poker to get more flames.
Like Jmorg, I don't even think about closing the bypass until the STT are 550-600 on a cold start. My cold start procedure as of late:
1. Crib stack kindling just above the height of the cat cover. I usually use 2x lumber 1/2"-1" thick, with the bottom 2 pieces being 2-3" splits. Top down burn. Primary air fully open.
2. Let this burn down until coals, usually about 10 minutes, gets the pipe temps to about 450 (single wall), STT about 350-375.
3. Push coals to back, add 3-4 small splits(3" max.) against back wall. Primary air fully open. Burn until coals, STT usually up to 450.
4. Spread coals around, add 3 more splits(around 4"), Let STT hit 550, close bypass, primary air fully open. STT and pipe temps start to drop, cat temps start to rise. Burn to coals.
5. Repeat step 4. Can sometimes turn primary air back 1 or 2 clicks after flames are established and cat is in active zone.
6. Once a good coal bed has been established, and cat temp has dropped to around 600, I'll load the stove about 1/2 full, primary air fully open, let the cat temps hit 1000, then start turning the primary air back 1 click at a time until there is a small active flame, and adjust accordingly. Like I said, usually 3 clicks from fully open. By this time, STT and pipe temps have been pretty stable. STT around 425-450 and pipe temps right around 300. Cat temps haven't been getting much above 1100.
I'll usually get about 4 hours with a load like this before I reload, and Start at Step 4 depending on cat and STT temps.
I've had good success with this procedure over the past couple weeks, with temps in the high teens and low 20s upon startup. Full disclosure, I don't load the stove full, I don't burn overnight and I don't like to leave the stove unattended for long, unless I'm burning some Bio Bricks, which are much more predictable in behavior.