mother nature hates an imbalance. Keeping 180 F or higher temperatures in a room at 70F Hmmmm. Even with insulation that is a huge delta T always working against you. Add to that a couple holes to the outdoors, chimney and vent and the standby loss gets pretty large.
I am of the opinion the very best place to store your energy is in the un-burned wood. No loss there. Once burned the losses start racking up. Wood to water or boiler efficiency. Then the loss up the flue and to the room.
The efficiency of any conversion product or device is useful energy output divided by energy input. It is always less than 100% efficiency is decreased as energy is lost. Sometimes much less, considering OWF burning at 40% or less efficiency then losing another 10- 20% traveling underground to the load. That start looking sort od silly, even with free wood, if there is such a thing.
Ideally one would burn the wood efficiently as possible and to the exact load. Knowing this is a hard line to follow we tend to look to storage as the holy grail. Same with solar.
Knowing how much storage is enough is the toughest question. I feel at some point it can be over done and energy slips away at a rate not properly accounted for.
If the storage goal is to buy some time without firing, the tanks should size to that load for the determined time. That is a fairly easy calculation. How many hours or days of storage is an answer only the beholder can answer.
Installing buffer or storage to handle over-heat situations should indicate a control, or lack of, issue with the equipment. Or operator error
Reminds me of closing the barn door after the cows get out!
I think a realistic storage would be a 24 hour period, at design day without firing. 500- 750 gallons seems do-able. Beyond that I think the return, on capacity based against the dollars invested and the losses inevitable... starts working against you. I could be up in the night.
The key is to lower the load to the smallest possible number and use the lowest possible temperatures to meet that load.
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