A little late, but hey it isn't gardening season yet anyway. I garden big time, but the original questions are quite complicated, one cannot really say how much time and money and effort was involved. It would probably be cheaper to get a job and buy the vegies and fruit with the money from the job. I actually get lots of produce FREE from a local market, more than we can eat, but I still grow a lot of vegies, since mine are organic and fresher than what I get free, which means tastier and I don't have to worry about the chemicals sprayed on it. I do mostly raised beds, since we live on a slight slope and most of the topsoil went to live by the neighbors downhill from us a long time ago.
The method I use is to create a framework from free materials, usually wood. I get the wood from various friends and some was from my brother, and I make lasagna gardens in them. That means layers of free (of course) organic materials like old produce, leaves, horse manure, wood ashes, etc. piled up until they rot a bit and covered with just enough soil or compost to plant in. You get the best darn soil in the world that way, doesn't matter how heavy or rocky or sandy your own soil is. You can get a book from the library called "Lasagna Gardening" or something like that, but you can also read plenty about it on gardenweb. Visit
http://www.gardenweb.com/forums/ and read the Soil and Compost group, and the Vegetables group, whatever interests you. LIke hearthnet but about gardening, and bigger. You can learn about growing berries or bulbs or whatever you fancy. I have one raised bed framed with large concrete bricks. I have devious quack grass, so cannot use the no frame method. The quack grass grows under the frames anyway, but makes it a little more difficult for it.
I strongly recommend growing tomatoes because they taste about 37 times better if homegrown vs. picked green and shipped across the country to you. Fresh things like lettuces and spinach for salad is good, and always grow radishes since they grow fast and are reliable and make you feel like a successful gardener early on.
I grow about 15-20 kinds of vegies every year plus have rhubarb, asparagus, raspberries in 3 colors, and an orchard of mostly pears and apples. I can a lot of food every year, last year over 200 jars. Tomato sauces, salsa, pickled peppers, jams, and fruit sauces are the main things we can. Of course people who don't know what my life is like ask if I get bored because I am not employed!?! We don't have time to take care of the orchard, we barely pick a tenth of the fruit. Fortunately a lot of it is old and falling down and will become firewood! I am up too late per usual so will stop now, although I could talk about gardening all night. My 'handle' on gardenweb is led_zep_rules.