I like Jetsam’s answer better than the one I was going to give.
There are a few reasons for installing a key damper:
1. I’ve been having problems with my combustor clogging with fly ash on the stove with a longer flue. When I watch a fire burn on high (as I do for the first 30 minutes of each burn cycle), the action in the stove is what I would call “furious”, with ash and flame blowing all over. I can actually watch an almost continuous curtain of flames leaping from air wash right into the combustor.
2. When I measure draft on high, it’s always above 0.15” WC. BK manual specifies 0.06” maximum, anything higher will void warranty.
3. I am having coaling problems, probably more related to my always-high heat load and burning oak, but I’m always looking to get as much heat output thru that coaling phase as possible. Aaronk’s comments about draft, as it relates to air wash and coaling, have me thinking I might see an improvement if I get my draft down close to their nominal .05” number.
I would expect an efficiency improvement as well due to to lowering the draft speed to spec. Your heated effluent will spend much more time in the stove and in the flue where it can give up that heat. Slower velocity through the cat too.