(1) One end of the tube is crimped (2) A heavy clamp is applied over the tube - this clamp sets both the length and the angle to cut the tube (3) A rotary machine cuts the pipe using the clamp as a template - and also creates a flange on the cut end. (4) The clamp is positioned on the tube once again and another section is cut (5) A total of 4 sections are cut - the 4 together equal a 90 degree elbow (6) The elbow is fitted together and a different rotary machine is used to press the flanges down so one section will not come apart from the next (6) the completed elbow is adjustable at each joint.